Advanced Methods from Familiar Fundamentals

Let’s consider two examples: one for measuring protein and one for measuring mRNA. These examples will illustrate the fundamental principles of molecular biology that are used in these methods.

Using the developing butterfly wing example, we will explore how specific proteins are selectively detected by harnessing the power of the mammalian immune system and antibodies.

A dark green wing of a developing butterfly larva with seven light green spots visible on the right side and light green band around the margin.

In the chick embryo example, we will examine the power of DNA base pairing and selective hybridization to detect specific mRNA.

In addition, we will see how enzyme biochemistry is used to amplify a signal.

A pale-colored irregular mass that is the body of a chick embryo with four developing limbs and visible vertebrate. Both hindlimbs are stained purple.