This interactive module sheds light on the evolutionary history of humans by comparing the features of a prehistoric primate skeleton to those of modern primates.

To determine evolutionary relationships among organisms, both living and extinct, scientists can compare DNA sequences, physiology, and anatomy. For example, scientists have used the bone structures of fossil specimens to reconstruct the path of human evolution. In this Click & Learn, students explore the evolutionary relationships among modern humans, modern chimpanzees, and a prehistoric primate named Ardipithecus ramidus. They examine a 4.4-million-year-old fossilized A. ramidus skeleton, nicknamed Ardi, and compare three of its key features — teeth, pelvis, and feet — with those of humans and chimpanzees.

Advance through the Click & Learn by selecting the navigation buttons at the sides of each page, or use the Previous and Next links at the bottom of each page on mobile devices.

This resource is optimized for use on computers and mobile devices. It is supported by the most recent versions of Google Chrome, Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and Safari web browsers.

This resource has been designed, optimized, and tested for accessibility compliance (WCAG Level 2.1 AA Success Criteria).

Submit comments, questions, or feedback about this resource via email to biointeractive@hhmi.org.

Developed By

  • Laura Bonetta
  • Eriko Clements

Authors

  • David Knuffke
  • Chris Monsour
  • Mark Terry

Contributors

  • Sherry Annee
  • Cyndie Beale
  • Ann Brokaw
  • Mary Colvard
  • Robert Cooper
  • Jason Crean
  • Chris Kuka
  • Randi Neff
  • Dawn Norton
  • Keri Shingleton
  • Katie Ward
  • Olubunmi Ajagbe
  • Satoshi Amagai
  • Jennifer Bricken
  • Dennis Liu
  • Chris Vargas

UI/UX Design and Development

Graphics/Images

  • Blake Porch
  • Bill Pietsch, A3MG
  • Davey Thomas, A3MG
  • David Knuffke
  • © Bone Clones, www.boneclones.com
  • Gorilla and chimpanzees supplied by iStockphoto/Thinkstock
  • Human and dog x-ray supplied by Digital Vision/Thinkstock
  • Ardipithecus ramidus photo by and © Tim D. White, 2010
  • Additional photos courtesy of and © Tim D. White
  • Lovejoy, et al., Science 326 (2009): 70, 71, 72. Reprinted with permission from AAAS
  • Suwa, et al., Science 326 (2009): 69. Reprinted with permission from AAAS

© 2024 Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used.

Version 2.0.1
Updated on 8/26/2024