Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning and Regeneration

Lecture 3 – Coaxing Embryonic Stem Cells

by Douglas A. Melton, PhD
  1.  1.  Start of Lecture 3
  2.  2.  Welcome by Grants Program Director Dr. Dennis Liu
  3.  3.  Dr. Douglas Melton on teaching
  4.  4.  Stem cells and cloning
  5.  5.  Cloning animals depends on reprogramming cells
  6.  6.  Plants: The original cloned organism
  7.  7.  Cloning frogs by nuclear transplantation
  8.  8.  Frogs were the first adult cloned animal
  9.  9.  The very first cloned mammal: Dolly the sheep
  10. 10.  Video: Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
  11. 11.  Many types of animals have been cloned
  12. 12.  Cloning shows that differentiation can be reversed
  13. 13.  Q&A: Is the clone's surrogate mother different on purpose?
  14. 14.  Q&A: Do clones have any deformities?
  15. 15.  Q&A: Do clones have a greater risk of cancer?
  16. 16.  Q&A: Why did the cloned cows have different markings?
  17. 17.  Q&A: In SCNT, why doesn't the nucleus change the cell?
  18. 18.  Q&A: Do cloned animals have similar personalities?
  19. 19.  Combining cloning and stem cells for studying disease
  20. 20.  Characteristics of degenerative diseases
  21. 21.  Specific cells affected by degenerative diseases
  22. 22.  Pancreatic β cells and type I diabetes
  23. 23.  Can cultured ES cells differentiate to pancreatic β cells?
  24. 24.  Interactions between different cells affect differentiation
  25. 25.  Blood vessel proximity and pancreatic β cells
  26. 26.  Molecular signals for each differentiation step are unknown
  27. 27.  Deriving motor neurons from ES cells
  28. 28.  Motor neurons derived from ES cells are functional
  29. 29.  Challenges in studying degenerative diseases
  30. 30.  Animation: Combining SCNT and ES cells
  31. 31.  Creating ALS-diseased cells by SCNT for research
  32. 32.  Using ES cells to study ALS development
  33. 33.  Using ES cells to screen for effective treatments
  34. 34.  Two approaches to using ES cells to study diseases
  35. 35.  Q&A: Can lack of diversity in cloned cows cause problems?
  36. 36.  Q&A: Are there cells that can't be used for cloning?
  37. 37.  Q&A: How do you treat prion-based degenerative diseases?
  38. 38.  Q&A: Only two factors for motor neuron differentiation?
  39. 39.  Q&A: Why didn't the chick embryo reject mouse neurons?
  40. 40.  Q&A: How would you deliver ES cells to an adult patient?
  41. 41.  Q&A: Degenerative diseases that affect two cell types?
  42. 42.  Q&A: Could cells be reprogrammed to prevent cancer?
  43. 43.  Closing remarks by HHMI Program Director Dr. Dennis Liu


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