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Regulation of the Lactase Gene

Example of a Mechanism for Lactase Persistence

The mutation that arose in northern Europe strengthens the binding of a transcription factor called Oct-1 to the enhancer region. There is evidence that Oct-1 is an activator for LCT—so it would increase the transcription of the LCT gene.

Interestingly, the mutation that arose in Africa appears to use a different mechanism. Research is ongoing to reveal the various mechanisms of lactase persistence.

A diagram depicting a horizontal double helix with the central portion highlighted and an activator.
A diagram depicting a horizontal double helix with the central portion highlighted. Below the highlighted section is a double ended blue arrow pointing to an irregular bluish mass below it labeled Activator O-c-t-1.